Biogas to Energy
Anaerobic digestion not only reduces environmental pollution but also generates biogas. Raw biogas mainly consists of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and traces of other gases, which can be used as a renewable energy source. There are three main pathways for efficient utilization of biogas:
1. Biogas Upgrading
Raw biogas contains impurities such as H₂S, CO₂, and moisture, which lower its quality and calorific value. Advanced upgrading technologies (such as pressure swing adsorption, water scrubbing, and membrane separation) remove these impurities and upgrade the gas to a quality equivalent to natural gas.
The purified gas, known as biomethane, can be used in industries, gas networks, and transportation.
2. Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
One of the most common applications of biogas is through Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. In this method, biogas is combusted in internal combustion engines or turbines to generate electricity, while the recovered heat is used for heating or industrial processes. The main advantage of CHP is its higher energy efficiency and reduced operating costs.
3. Injection into the Grid
After purification and standardization, biomethane can be directly injected into the natural gas grid. This not only diversifies energy sources but also enables large-scale storage and transport of renewable energy. Biomethane can also be used as a fuel in CNG stations, serving as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.